8.1 General Introduction
8.2 Reproductive Anatomy
8.2.1 Polyplacophora
8.2.2 Caudofoveata and Solenogastres
8.2.3 Monoplacophora
8.2.4 Bivalvia. 423
8.2.5 Scaphopoda
8.2.6 Cephalopoda
8.2.7 Gastropoda
8.2.7.1 Heterobranchs
8.2.8 Comparisons with Outgroups
8.3 The Molluscan Gonad
8.3.1 Gametes and Gametogenesis
8.3.1.1 Spermatozoa
8.3.1.2 Spermatophores and Spermatozeugmata
8.3.1.3 Eggs
8.4 Sexes
8.4.1 Sex Determination
8.4.2 Hermaphroditism
8.4.2.1 Simultaneous Hermaphroditism
8.4.2.2 Sequential Hermaphroditism
8.4.3 Asexual Reproduction
8.4.3.1 Schizogamy
8.5 Fertilisation
8.5.1 Broadcast Spawning
8.5.1.1 Doubly Uniparental Inheritance in Bivalves
8.5.2 Internal Fertilisation
8.5.2.1 Sperm-Casting
8.5.2.2 Copulation
8.5.2.3 Multiple Paternity and Sperm Competition
8.5.2.4 Self-Fertilisation
8.5.3 Mating Aggregations
8.5.3.1 Eggs, Capsules and Egg Masses
8.5.4 Oviducal Glands
8.5.5 Encapsulation
8.5.6 Parental Care
8.5.6.1 Brooding
8.6 Sexual Dimorphism
8.6.1 Dwarf Males
8.7 Reproductive Behaviour
8.7.1 Mate Choice
8.7.1.1 The Role of Body Size in Reproductive Behaviour
8.8 Endocrine Control of Reproduction
8.8.1 Morphology, Messengers, and Responses
8.8.2 Gastropods
8.8.2.1 Heterobranchs
8.8.3 Bivalves
8.8.4 Cephalopoda
8.9 Development
8.9.1 Spiral Cleavage
8.9.2 Cleavage and Early Development
8.9.3 Development of Germ Layers
8.9.3.1 Germ Cells
8.9.4 Gene Expression
8.9.4.1 Signalling Pathways
8.9.4.2 Hox, ParaHox, and Other Developmental Homeobox Clusters
8.9.5 Larvae
8.9.5.1 Larval Organs
8.9.5.2 Ano-Pedal Flexure
8.9.5.3 Left-Right Asymmetry
8.9.5.4 Initial Shell Formation
8.9.5.5 Control of Shell Coiling
8.9.5.6 Torsion in Gastropods
8.9.5.7 Asymmetry in Gastropods
8.9.6 Metamorphosis
8.9.7 Heterochrony
8.9.8 Ecological Development (Eco-Devo)
8.9.9 Organogenesis
8.9.9.1 Ectoderm-Derived Organs
8.9.9.2 Endoderm-Derived Organs
8.9.9.3 Mesoderm-Derived Organs
8.10 Life History Evolution
8.10.1 Developmental Strategies
8.10.2 Classification of Larval Strategies
8.10.2.1 Larval Dispersal, Morphology, and Ecology
8.10.2.2 Larval Nutrition