14.1 Introduction

14.2 Polyplacophora (Chitons, Placophora, Loricata, Amphineura in Part)

14.2.1 Introduction

14.2.2 Phylogeny and Classification

14.2.2.1 Sister Group Relationships

14.2.3 Morphology

14.2.3.1 Shell and Girdle

14.2.3.2 Head-Foot, Muscles, and Mantle

14.2.3.3 Mantle Groove (Mantle Cavity)

14.2.3.4 Digestive System

14.2.3.5 Renopericardial System

14.2.3.6 Reproductive System

14.2.3.7 Nervous System and Sense Organs

14.2.3.8 Chromosomes

14.2.4 Biology, Ecology, and Behaviour

14.2.4.1 Habits and Habitats

14.2.4.2 Locomotion

14.2.4.3 Feeding and Diet

14.2.4.4 Reproduction, Development, and Growth

14.2.4.5 Associations

14.2.4.6 Predators, Defence, and Behaviour

14.2.5 Diversity and Fossil History

14.3 The Monoplacophora (= Tryblidia, Neopilinida, Tergomya in part)

14.3.1 Introduction

14.3.2 Phylogeny and Classification

14.3.2.1 Sister Group Relationships

14.3.3 Morphology

14.3.3.1 Shell and Protoconch

14.3.3.2 Head-Foot and Mantle

14.3.3.3 Mantle Groove (Mantle Cavity)

14.3.3.4 Digestive System

14.3.3.5 Renopericardial and Reproductive Systems

14.3.3.6 Nervous System and Sense Organs

14.3.4 Biology, Ecology, and Behaviour

14.3.4.1 Habits and Habitats

14.3.4.2 Feeding and Diet

14.3.4.3 Reproduction, Development, and Growth

14.3.4.4 Associations

14.3.4.5 Predation, Defence, and Other Behavioural Attributes

14.3.5 Diversity and Fossil History

14.4 Caudofoveata and Solenogastres: The Aplacophoran Groups

14.4.1 Introduction

14.4.2 Phylogeny and Classification

14.4.3 Morphology

14.4.3.1 Head-Foot and Mantle

14.4.3.2 Digestive System

14.4.3.3 Renopericardial and Reproductive Systems

14.4.3.4 Nervous System

14.4.3.5 Development

14.4.3.6 Habits and Habitats

14.5 Caudofoveata (or Chaetodermomorpha, Scutopoda)

14.5.1 Introduction

14.5.2 Phylogeny and Classification

14.5.2.1 Sister Group Relationships

14.5.3 Morphology

14.5.3.1 Spicules

14.5.3.2 Head-Foot and Mantle

14.5.3.3 Mantle Cavity

14.5.3.4 Digestive System

14.5.3.5 Renopericardial and Reproductive Systems

14.5.3.6 Nervous System and Sense Organs

14.5.4 Biology, Ecology, and Behaviour

14.5.4.1 Habits and Habitats

14.5.4.2 Feeding and Diet

14.5.4.3 Reproduction, Development, and Growth

14.5.4.4 Associations

14.5.5 Diversity and Fossil History

14.6 Solenogastres (or Neomeniomorpha)

14.6.1 Introduction

14.6.2 Phylogeny and Classification

14.6.2.1 Sister Group Relationships

14.6.3 Morphology

14.6.3.1 Spicules

14.6.3.2 Body

14.6.3.3 Mantle Cavity

14.6.3.4 Digestive System

14.6.3.5 Renopericardial and Reproductive Systems

14.6.3.6 Nervous System and Sense Organs

14.6.4 Biology and Ecology

14.6.4.1 Habits and Habitats

14.6.4.2 Feeding and Diet

14.6.4.3 Reproduction, Development, and Growth

14.6.4.4 Associations

14.6.5 Diversity and Fossil History