15.1 Introduction
15.2 Classification
15.3 Morphology
15.3.1 The Shell
15.3.1.1 Orientation
15.3.1.2 Sculpture
15.3.1.3 Shell Structure
15.3.1.4 Periostracum
15.3.1.5 Ligament
15.3.1.6 Hinge
15.3.1.7 Pallial Line and Sinus
15.3.1.8 Shell Reduction, Accessory Shell Plates, and Secondary Shells
15.3.2 Muscles and Their Scars
15.3.3 The Foot
15.3.4 The Byssus – Structure and Function
15.3.5 Mantle and Siphons
15.3.6 Mantle Cavity
15.3.6.1 The Ctenidia – Their Structure and Ciliation
15.3.6.2 The Labial Palps
15.3.6.3 Other Features of the Mantle Cavity
15.3.7 Digestive System
15.3.8 Renopericardial System
15.3.9 Reproductive System
15.3.10 Nervous System and Sense Organs
15.4 Biology and Ecology
15.4.1 Habits and Habitats
15.4.1.1 Locomotion
15.4.1.2 Attachment
15.4.1.3 Secondary Soft-Bottom Dwellers
15.4.1.4 Burrowers and Borers
15.4.2 Feeding
15.4.3 Life History and Growth
15.4.4 Associations
15.4.4.1 Bacterial and Algal Symbionts
15.4.5 Relationships with Other Animals
15.4.5.1 Predators of Bivalves
15.5 Economic Values
15.6 Diversity and Fossil History
15.6.1 The First Bivalves
15.6.2 The Evolutionary Radiation of Bivalves
15.6.2.1 Freshwater Bivalves
15.6.3 Patterns of Bivalve Diversity
15.7 The Protobranch Bivalves
15.7.1 Phylogeny and Classification
15.7.2 Biology and Ecology
15.7.3 Diversity and Fossil History
15.8 The Autobranch Bivalves
15.8.1 Pteriomorphia
15.8.1.1 Phylogeny and Classification
15.8.1.2 Biology and Ecology
15.8.1.3 Diversity and Fossil History
15.8.2 Heteroconchia
15.8.3 Palaeoheterodonta
15.8.3.1 Trigoniida
15.8.3.2 Unionida
15.8.4 Heterodonta
15.8.4.1 Archiheterodonta
15.8.5 Euheterodonta
15.8.5.1 Phylogeny and Classification
15.8.5.2 Biology and Ecology
15.8.5.3 Diversity and Fossil History
15.8.5.4 The Rudists
15.8.6 Anomalodesmata (= Poromyata)