16.1 Introduction
16.2 Phylogeny and Classification
16.2.1 Sister Group Relationships
16.3 Morphology
16.3.1 Shell
16.3.2 Head-Foot, Captacula, and Mantle
16.3.3 Mantle Cavity
16.3.4 Digestive System
16.3.5 Renopericardial System
16.3.6 Reproductive System
16.3.7 Nervous System and Sense Organs
16.4 Biology and Ecology
16.4.1 Habits and Habitats
16.4.2 Locomotion
16.4.3 Feeding and Diet
16.4.4 Reproduction, Development, and Growth
16.4.5 Associations
16.4.6 Predation, Defence, and Other Behavioural Attributes
16.5 Diversity and Fossil History
16.5.1 The Major Groups of Scaphopods
16.6 Human Uses